Checked: 2026-09-065 sourced results

What AI has done in science

The AlphaFold database holds over 214 million predicted protein structures used by more than 4.5 million people, work recognised with the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and GNoME predicted 2.2 million new crystals in a single paper.

  1. The AlphaFold database holds over 214 million predicted protein structures, used by more than 4.5 million people

    214,000,000+ structures; 4,501,953 total users

    The AlphaFold Protein Structure Database, built by EMBL-EBI and Google DeepMind, archived over 214 million predicted structures as of September 2023 and, per its 2025 update paper, had been used by 4,501,953 people. It is free and open.

    Source: AlphaFold Protein Structure Database 2025: a redesigned interface and updated structural coverage (Nucleic Acids Research), Nucleic Acids Research, 2025-11-01. Checked 2026-09-06. Also: AlphaFold Protein Structure Database in 2024: providing structure coverage for over 214 million protein sequences.

  2. The 2024 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Physics went to AI work

    Chemistry: protein structure prediction and design; Physics: neural networks

    The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Demis Hassabis and John Jumper "for protein structure prediction" and David Baker "for computational protein design". The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics went to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton "for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks".

    Source: All Nobel Prizes 2024, The Nobel Foundation, 2024-10-09. Checked 2026-09-06.

  3. One deep-learning paper predicted 2.2 million new crystals, 380,000 of them stable

    2.2 million new crystals; 380,000 stable; known stable materials rose from ~48,000 to 421,000

    Google DeepMind's GNoME model, published in Nature, predicted 2.2 million new crystal structures, of which 380,000 are the most stable and candidates for synthesis. DeepMind describes it as nearly 800 years' worth of knowledge at the previous pace of discovery.

    Source: Millions of new materials discovered with deep learning, Google DeepMind, 2023-11-29. Checked 2026-09-06. Also: Scaling deep learning for materials discovery (Nature).

  4. An AI system reached gold-medal standard at the 2025 International Mathematical Olympiad, graded by the IMO itself

    5 of 6 problems, 35 of 42 points, inside the 4.5-hour limit

    An advanced version of Gemini with Deep Think solved five of the six IMO 2025 problems, scoring 35 points, the gold-medal threshold. The solutions were officially graded and certified by IMO coordinators using the same criteria as for students, and produced in natural language within the 4.5-hour window.

    Source: Advanced version of Gemini with Deep Think officially achieves gold-medal standard at the International Mathematical Olympiad, Google DeepMind, 2025-07-21. Checked 2026-09-06.

  5. An AI weather model beat the world's leading operational ensemble forecast on 97.2% of tested targets

    97.2% of targets, forecasts up to 15 days ahead

    GenCast, published in Nature, produced probabilistic forecasts that were more accurate than ECMWF's ENS system on 97.2% of the targets tested, out to 15 days, including extreme weather.

    Source: GenCast predicts weather and the risks of extreme conditions with state-of-the-art accuracy, Google DeepMind, 2024-12-04. Checked 2026-09-06. Also: Probabilistic weather forecasting with machine learning (Nature).

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Frequently Asked Questions

The AlphaFold database holds over 214 million predicted protein structures used by more than 4.5 million people, work recognised with the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and GNoME predicted 2.2 million new crystals in a single paper.

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